Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is a condition involving stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint.

While it can affect anyone, it is particularly common among women, especially around menopause.

Hormonal changes

During menopause, the body undergoes significant hormonal changes, particularly a decrease in estrogen levels.

Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining joint health and flexibility. A 2024 review suggests that reduced estrogen levels can lead to increased inflammation and changes in the connective tissues, which could make you more susceptible to conditions like frozen shoulder.

Increased risk

Research indicates that people between the ages of 40 and 60 are at a higher risk of developing frozen shoulder, and it’s more common in women, particularly around perimenopause.

The exact reason for this increased risk is not entirely understood, but hormonal changes during menopause are believed to be a contributing factor.

Other factors

  • Diabetes: Frozen shoulder is more common in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  • Thyroid disorders: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can increase the risk of frozen shoulder.
  • Previous shoulder injuries: A history of shoulder injuries or surgery can make you more susceptible to frozen shoulder.

2024 research suggests that poor sleep and constipation are also associated with frozen shoulder.

Stay active

Engage in regular physical activity to maintain joint flexibility and overall health. Low impact exercises such as walking, swimming, and yoga can help keep your joints mobile and reduce stiffness.

Maintain a healthy diet

A balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, can help reduce inflammation and support joint health.

Proper hydration is also essential for joint health. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your joints lubricated and functioning properly.

Manage stress

Stress can worsen pain and inflammation. Practice stress-reducing techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and mindfulness to help manage stress levels.

Hot and cold therapy

Applying heat or cold packs to the affected shoulder can help ease pain and reduce inflammation. Heat therapy can relax tight muscles, while cold therapy can numb sharp pain and reduce swelling.

See a doctor

Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage pain and inflammation. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe stronger medications or corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain.

Techniques such as massage, joint mobilization, and manipulation performed by a trained therapist can help improve shoulder mobility and reduce pain.